Monday, April 9, 2007

"Red Devils"

Flotillas of jumbo squid are invading the length of the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the voracious predators may be upsetting ocean ecosystems and threatening fisheries, scientists warn. Flotillas of jumbo squid are invading the length of the eastern Pacific Ocean, and the voracious predators may be upsetting ocean ecosystems and threatening fisheries, scientists warn.
These squids are nicknamed red devils for their powerful arms and tentacles, razor sharp beaks and insatiable appetites. These squid are spreading like wild fire to all areas of the oceans. They are found off the coast of California, Alaska and Chile. They travel in packs of thousands or more and consume everything in their paths. Researchers are worried that they will greatly effect the marine environment.

Seal hunt delay


This article talks about the fact that baby seals are already dying from lack of sea ice. The largest marine-mammal hunt in the world was set to begin March 28th, and has now been postponed to later this week. Non-profit organizations say that the hunt should be canceld all together. The hold was place this year as well as last year because the ice floes where the harp seals meet to give birth and raise their pups are breaking up due to the above average temperatures we are experiencing. Because the pups don't have the swimming skills or body isulation needed to keep them safe, they are drowing or freezing. This years ice coverage is worse than that in 2002 when three-quarters of Canada's seal pups died because of the thin ice. This is apparently the worst one scientist has seen since 1981. This is the 5th year of bad ice in 7 and the common concenses is that it is due to GLOBAL WARMING!!!!! The pups are completing ice dependent. They are fed by their mothers for 12-14 days and then left alone. They need the ice to rest after fishing. They aren't great swimmers and need to be able to take a break, without ice the simply drown. The govenment is planning on decresing the quota from the proposed 335,000 to 270,000. The majority of the seals are caught off the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, where the hunt is considered necessary to keep populations under control. IFAW an animal welfare group feels that this number is to high and unsustainable. They are worried the population will decline if more than 165,000 seals are caught. Records indicate that the seal population has been stable since 1994. The next survey has been moved up to 2008.

Between 90 and 115 years old

This fish was caught in the Bering Sea, for easter dinner. Scientists believe it to be between 90 and 115 years old. The estimate came after NOAA scientists looked at growth rings in the fish's ear bone, or otolith.

The ability of the fish's reproduction was hindered by its excessive age.

The fish was hauled up from depths of 2,100ft. The fishermen were trying to catch pollock, because of the large nets that they use 10 other shortrackers were also pulled up. The fish in the picture was 44-inches long, and over 60 lbs. Her belly was large and her overies were filled with developing embyros.
This fish comes close to the oldest known limits for this species. The largest ever on record was 47 inches, and the oldest was 157 years old.

This has got to be one of the coolest things I have ever seen in my life. Not to mention one of the oldest species. The question is did this fish deserve to die? Deep net fishing is a problem all over for this very reason, fish and other species that are not of interest are caught and then killed and thrown back into the water because they have no monitary value to the fishermen. This fish didn't have to die especially with a belly full of babies. New laws or better enforcement of laws are needed to protect such amazing creature who have lived in the oceans for thousands of years. We have no right in killing such an awesome fish.

Source: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/04/070406-oldest-fish.html

Friday, March 30, 2007

Shark fishing once again...New thoughts



Large North Atlantic sharks are in danger. Because of the over fishing the whole marine ecosystem is paying the price. Smaller sharks are normally eaten by larger sharks. Now these smaller sharks are have become so abundant that they are destroying shellfish stocks. The shark decline follows the increasing demand for shark fin soup, which is causing some scallop fisheries to collapse entirely. The article comes out this week in Science journal and it is the first ever to show how wiping out the top-level predators impacts the rest of the food chain.

"Industrial fishing has left so few big sharks that they no longer perform their role as the top predators," said study co-author Julia Baum of Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia. The artilce continues with worries about rays (Cownose) which has increased 20-fold in the last 30 years, because there are so many of them, a scallop fishery has been closed down after a century. They are now worried that these smaller sharks and rays will run out of the shellfish and turn to other species.

"Herds of rays may destroy seagrass beds as they go through looking for smaller buried mollusks," Baum, of Dalhousie University, said.

People do not think about what the long term effects of the actions will be. We need to consider what damage we are doing to the marine environement, which in many ways supports our earth habitat. Stricter laws need to be enforced. Its good to know that people so close to home are helping in these difficult times and getting the news out there about what this over shark fishing is actually doing.

Source:

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/03/070329-sharks-shellfish_2.html

Monday, March 26, 2007

Turtle Meat


If its not shark fins it TURTLES!!!!!!!!!!!! This controversial topic has been around since the 80's and now they are getting the meat from Turtle Farms.. The rapid expansion of these turtle farms are endangering the native species. The demand for turtle meat is so great it it now affecting populations in the United States.


"Turtle farmers buy wild-caught turtles to improve their breeding stock," Parham explained. "There is a belief that wild turtles breed better in captivity than captive-born turtles." I just understand the thinking behind eating turtle and sharks. Not in mass quantities anyways. It is one to thing to live on an island in a tribe and fish for these things but it is completely different when you have all kinds of food choices living in a place like China.


There are more than a thousand turtle farms and they are valued at more than a billion dollars US. Peter Paul van Dijk is a turtle conservation expert with the Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit Conservation International, who was not involved with the new survey.
He said some farms are primarily illegal laundering operations that sell wild-caught turtles as "farm raised".


To read more about Turtle farming just follow the link. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/03/070323-turtle-farms_2.html

An oldy but a "goody"

WOW!!!! Fossil remains of a crocodile-like reptile called Thalattosuchia were discovered in eastern Oregon. So far 50% of the animal including the upper leg bone and rib fragments have been unearthed.

"This creature lived in Jurassic times, so it's 150 to 180 million years old," retired University of Oregon geologist William Orr said in a press release. Orr provided expert advice to the excavation team.


The remains they assume are about 5,000 miles from where it died, so it probably lived in Japan. The reptile is the olded ever found in Oregon, and unlikely in North America, so they assume that it was carried here by plate tectonics. As the section of Earth's crust containing the fossils moved eastward, the Pacific plate collided with the North American plate, pushing the bones into the mountains.


The 6- to 8-foot-long (1.8- to 2.4-meter-long) creature, shown in an artist's conception (top), is part of a group that scientists think represents an evolutionary transition for this line of crocodilians. Features from related fossils suggest that the animals were evolving from being semiaquatic to entirely ocean dwelling.


The remains will now go University of Iowa for further study until they are displayed in the Oregon museum.

Monday, March 19, 2007

20 New Species

At least 20 new species of sharks and rays have been found this week off the coast of Indonesia. These finding come after a 5 year survey done at local fish markets, in an area where there is great aquatic diversity. This sleek, spade-shaped Hortle's whipray, for example, is the newest of 17 whipray species known to live in the muddy shallows along Indonesia's shores.

"Indonesia has the most diverse shark and ray fauna and the largest shark and ray fishery in the world," said biologist William White in a statement from Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), which led the new survey.
To see photos of some of the new species just click the link below

Thursday, March 15, 2007

GARBAGE!!!!!!!!!!!!


I stumbled across this article and was blown away by some of the stats. The International Coastal Cleanup engages people to remove garbage and debris from beaches and waterways. In 2005 6 million people participated (those 6 million people could fill Madison Square Gardens three times) and the collected 100 million pounds of trash ( whick is equal to 400 Blue Whales the largest mammal in the world) They broke down the finding and recoreded all of it in a pie chart 40.8% of all debris collected was smoking related with 20,655 butts picked up!!!! The article lists the Top 10 Garbage Iteams and give the percentage for each. In the conclusion most people do not consider their personal contributions to warrent change. It is a global issue and people are unaware of the damage caused by their littering behaviour. Education programs are in place to change peoples minds about littering and polution. Attached is the link to read the article in its entirety for yourself. I promise you will be surprised.

Wednesday, March 14, 2007

Play it Cool


This article talks about the effects of climate change on winter sports. The program was started by David Suzuki with support from two olympic skiers. Reports from the UN have showen a decrease between 50-75% in recent years to mountain in Europe and the US. Downhill skiing could disappear in as little as 23 years if climate change contines. Look at the article for full details and atheletes opioions on this topic. Its nice to see people in the media doing something worth wild with the fame!
Sourse:

Monday, March 12, 2007

Post Presentation Bubble Net Video

Technology is great when it works and when it doesn't you have my presentation this morning. minus my video so I thought I would throw the link up here and let you check it out!!! Really it is super cool.

Sourse: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/php/search.php?search=search&keywords=Humpback+Whale+&show_title=none

Go to that link and then chose the Video that says Humpback Whales and underneath it says Bubble Net......

Shark Nursery Yeilds Secrets of Breeding


This article is so cool. It talks about the Lemon Shark's breeding habits. This study has been going on for sometime now and the results have been well worth it. They mention that the female sharks return to the site on a two year rotation giving birth every other year. The fathers do not return. "By using genetic sampling, we've demonstrated unequivocally that a female that carries a litter could have up to four different sires, so ten or 12 different babies might have four different fathers, or two different fathers. So we have multiple paternity, and we suspect that this happens with a lot of other big sharks." said Gruber. This research seems so rewarding and exciting it make me want to be in the water with them. The full article is attached.

Saturday, March 10, 2007

Shark Fins


I was really sickened by the shark fin soup article Dr.Conrad posted and I decided to do a little digging to see if I could find out anything else and I came across this article in National Geographic.

This article also takes about the outragous behaviour of shark finning however it also talks about a new DNA study that they have started. While living in Hong Kong Clarke was investigating the shark-fin trade. She was able to communicate with the Cantonese speaking people and convinced them to allow her into the warehouse and gave her small samples from the fins, she was also allowed to watch shark-fin auctions where she recorded prices. She wanted to see if Chinese names correlated with specfic sharks. As fate would have it conservationalists showed films on finning and a backlash from the shark finning community resulted and she was blacklisted. "Apparently they made a poster of me that said, 'Don't talk to this woman," Clarke said. This was ok because she had finished her thesis about shark fin DNA by this point.
To read the full article which is quite interesting and informative go to:

Bycatch


This article talks about bycatch, which is sometimes refered to as bykill or dirty fishing. Bycatch is a mix of young of low-value fish, seabirds marine mammals and sea turtles often considered useless and is thrown back dead or dying. Elliot Norse makes a good point when he said "If a hunter is hunting for elk, he's not killing sparrows, eagles, coyotes, and pronghorn," Elliot Norse is the president of of Marine Conservation Biology Institute (MCBI) in Redmond, Washington.


A recent study was conducted and found that only 10% of sharks, swordfish, and other large preditory fish remain in the worlds oceans after only 50 years of commercial fishing. Without immediate action, they could go the way of the dinosaurs, warns study author Ransom Myers, a fisheries biologist from Dalhousie University in Hallifax, Nova Scotia.


Look at the link for things they are doing to try and eliminate bykill. They have come up with some pretty good ideas so far however it is still not enough.





Thursday, March 8, 2007


I came across this site about the submarine ring of fire. It was a research project that went from April 18th to May 13th, 2006. On this site are day by day recording with an article as well as some fantastic photos. Check it out!

--Four tonguefish samples from Nikko volcano. The fish at Nikko are almost twice as big as their counterparts on Daikoku. The largest sample here is less than 11 centimeters (5 inches) long. Image courtesy of Submarine Ring of Fire 2006 Exploration, NOAA Vents Program

Source: http://www.oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/06fire/logs/summary/summary.html

Oil Spill in Bering Sea


Who would have thought a ship carrying soyabeans could be so dangerous? Well when it lost power and went agroud oil started leaking from every direction. The death toll on animals is huge with a lot of unanswered questions. Like what will happen to the fox that eat the birds contaminated by the oil. Attached is the full article, it really is a plee for help.

Tuesday, March 6, 2007

The voracious lion's mane jellyfish

The voracious lion's mane jellyfish
These are the first photos of a cannibal that not only eats jellyfish much larger than itself, but also two at once. Words: Peter ParksImages: Peter Parks and Chris Parks
Lizard IslandI've looked forward to each of my many filming ventures to Lizard Island, in the Great Barrier Reef, because each new trip has produced a different dominant species of drifting planktonic animal and plant.
Early on in the trip, we were near the edge of the lagoon reef only a kilometre from our landbase. Until then, by far the most dominant large drifter had been the ubiquitous moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita. But this time, pale purple Aequoria sp. were scattered among them. These were what we'd hoped to film and we duly collected them.
The lion's maneThen, something new, fist-sized and cobalt blue, drifted abreast our boat. It was soon bucketed and on board. Against the white of the bucket, it seemed a bit pinker, and I noticed that entangled among its tentacles were two Aequoria. It was a lion's mane jellyfish Cyanea sp..
For filming, we transferred a dozen moon jellyfish into a tank. Then we introduced the lion's mane, whose frilly edges were like a silky Victorian bedspread, all convolutions, pleats and tucks. Now and again, the skirt or a tentacle would brush across a moon jellyfish. These tentacles were either very sticky or else were firing off nematocysts (long, hollow threads that are either barbed or venomous) on contact.
Thinking back to when we'd caught the Cyanea, I remembered the small Aequoria in its tentacles. Could it be that this was a jellyfish-eating jellyfish? We soon knew the answer.
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/features/142index.shtml

Secrets of Shark Sex


The Seychelles, 14 October

On the north-west of MahƩ, we notice a disturbance on the surface of the sea - a feeding frenzy of thousands of small fish over a particularly dense area of plankton. Behind the fish are five adult whale sharks, their huge mouths agape, reaping the harvest. This isn't the first time we've seen whale sharks since the plankton 'bloom' began a few weeks earlier, but it's the largest grouping and the first indication that something very unusual is afoot.
We drop over the side of the boat. The plankton has reduced visibility to less than 10 metres. A huge, streamlined shape appears out of the gloom - an awesome sight. I find the apparent absence of teeth reassuring.

16 October

Off Therese Island, we spot four or five sets of fins breaking the surface. In we go. As the bubbles clear, I see something I'm really not expecting - six distinctive pairs of sharks some way below us, all ascending towards a spot extremely close to us. It's like the scene from Star Wars, where all the Empire cruisers are converging on the rebel ships. They're coming at us from every direction. We look at each other and climb out of the water. Why are they acting like this?

The mystery revealed

On the next dive, I see what's going on. I notice two sharks, coupled together, ascending almost vertically. Turning round, I see two more doing the same thing. They're mating. It scarcely seems plausible, but it must be true. Then, a large female, maybe 14 metres long, heads straight towards me. Before I can do anything, she lifts me clean out of the water. I put my right hand flat onto her head, the first time I've ever touched a whale shark. She's warm with the texture of semi-dry concrete. I tip over to one side, and think she's going to strike me with her tail, but she pulls the stroke just short of hitting me. Later, she comes alongside the boat to stop it drifting into the group. Her actions appear to be those of a matriarch who doesn't want us around.

Once in a lifetime

Afterwards, we conclude that the combination of a large, mixed group of whale sharks plus an unusually rich harvest of food triggered the urge to mate. Pairs of sharks appeared to feed, then dived, before coming together for the nuptials.
The sharks may have travelled for thousands of kilometres to be in the same place at the same time, and it was only good fortune that we were there to see them. For a few hours, this part of the ocean became a portal into another world, allowing us a brief but inspiring peek inside.

Trash in our Oceans--You Can Be Part of the Solution


Marine debris, often called litter, has become a problem along shorelines, coastal waters, estuaries, and oceans throughout the world. It is defined as any man-made, solid material that enters our waterways directly (e.g., by dumping) or indirectly (e.g., washed out to sea via rivers, streams, storm drains, etc.). Objects ranging from detergent bottles, hazardous medical wastes, and discarded fishing line all qualify as marine debris. In addition to being unsightly, it poses a serious threat to everything with which it comes into contact. Marine debris can be life-threatening to marine organisms and humans and can wreak havoc on coastal communities and the fishing industry.

Monster Glowing Squid Caught on Camera


Monster-size, deep-sea squid that use their glowing arms to blind and stun their prey have been filmed in the wild for the first time, scientists say.
The mysterious creatures were videotaped as they hunted deep in the North Pacific Ocean off southeastern Japan

The footage shows the animals—Dana octopus squid, or Taningia danae—targeting prey with bright flashes of light emitted from their arms.
The squid appear to use the tactic to illuminate and stun their victims, writes the team that made the discovery.
Other glowing signals seen from the bioluminescent species may represent a form of communication, possibly for attracting a mate, the researchers add. The human-size squid were filmed at depths of 780 to 3,100 feet (240 to 940 meters) off the Ogasawara Islands during a scientific expedition led by Tsunemi Kubodera of the National Science Museum in Tokyo, Japan.
It was off these same islands in 2004 that Kubodera's team captured the
first ever images of a live giant squid (Architeuthis) in the wild.

World's Longest Underground River Discovered in Mexico, Divers Say


Divers exploring a maze of underwater caves on Mexico's YucatƔn Peninsula have identified what may be the longest underground river in the world.


17th U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Meeting.


The U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (Task Force) will be meeting in Washington D.C. at the Department of the Interior (DOI), March 1 & 2, 2007. Co-chaired by the Department of Commerce and the DOI, the Task Force is composed of senior representatives of twelve federal agencies and the Governors of seven states, territories, and commonwealths. Since its establishment by Presidential Executive Order in 1998, the Task Force has helped lead U.S. efforts to address the global decline of coral reefs and to effectively manage the nationĆ­s valuable coral reef ecosystems. This meeting will highlight the issues, progress, challenges and opportunities for coral reef management, with special presentations on the Local Action Strategies and alternative market incentives to spur coral reef conservation. On the afternoon of Wednesday, February 28, the Task Force is hosting an International Year of the Reef (IYOR) Mini-Summit to promote greater participation in IYOR 2008 and inspire new and creative collaborative action. The meeting is open to the public. For more information on the meeting and to register, visit the Task Force Meetings

The Weather Villain: El NiƱo


El NiƱo is an abnormal system of currents in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America. "El NiƱo" means "The Baby" – specifically, the baby Jesus. It was so-named because of its appearance around Christmas. It is a phenomenon that has been repeated many times, and has been known and observed for generations, at least by the fishing communities affected by the phenomenon. To our eyes, the movement of the oceans appears to take place on the surface, in the form of waves or storms. But in the inky depths there is powerful activity that we are only just beginning to understand. Currents are not merely surface water flows. In truth, they are immensely powerful systems existing in three dimensions. The famous Gulf Stream, for example, forms a closed loop thousands of kilometres long, with warm water on the surface flowing roughly north before cooling off in the Arctic, sinking, and returning along its entire length to be warmed again in southern waters. Not only do the ocean's current affect the temperature of the seawater, but they affect the atmosphere, too. A warm water current heats the air above it. As that warm air rises, cool air is sucked in beneath it. That circulating motion is commonly referred to as a "pump." It behaves like a vast, atmospheric machine, with weather as its product. This pumping action creates much of the world's weather and plays an important role in regulating the planet's temperature. It pushes warm air from the equatorial regions to cooler areas closer to the poles, and in return pulls cool air closer to the equator to be heated. These pumps are a crucial part of the Earth's ecosystem because they regulate and diffuse temperature. The equatorial regions receive much more energy from the sun than the rest of the planet, and the ocean-current pumps serve to cool off the hot regions and warm up the cold ones. Without them, much of the planet would be uninhabitable for human beings. El NiƱo is a periodic adjustment of one of these crucial pumps. Ordinarily, a large region of warm water rests in the area of the Pacific Ocean adjoining Indonesia and Australia. During an El NiƱo, that body of warm water moves east and sits off the coast of South America. Thus the huge – but intricate – weather systems caused by the current are completely thrown off. Dry areas experience floods; moist areas, such as Borneo, are hit with droughts. Canada may experience a warmer, more damp winter, resulting in terrible ice storms. Agriculture around the world suffers. Weather isn't alone in being affected by El NiƱo. With such a large part of the Earth's ecosystem in flux, other systems are also affected. For example, in areas receiving a higher–than–normal rainfall, elevated water levels facilitate the growth of more insects and disease. As well, mould, usually present but invisible, also increases, intensifying allergies for many people. Fish migrate differently, destroying the livelihood of many fishermen. Meanwhile, forest fires rage across the globe as normally steamy rainforests become dry. Forest fires elevate the already high levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and during a recent El NiƱo many cities in Southeast Asia were enveloped in a smoky haze from the fires. Thousands died in China from flooding that also ruined crops. Russia suffered a disastrous harvest that threatened that nation's economic and political stability that winter. On and on the list goes of the hardships caused by the great flows of water and air that, until recently, had been almost unknown to most of the world's people. is an abnormal system of currents in the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America. "El NiƱo" means "The Baby" – specifically, the baby Jesus. It was so-named because of its appearance around Christmas. It is a phenomenon that has been repeated many times, and has been known and observed for generations, at least by the fishing communities affected by the phenomenon. To our eyes, the movement of the oceans appears to take place on the surface, in the form of waves or storms. But in the inky depths there is powerful activity that we are only just beginning to understand. Currents are not merely surface water flows. In truth, they are immensely powerful systems existing in three dimensions. The famous Gulf Stream, for example, forms a closed loop thousands of kilometres long, with warm water on the surface flowing roughly north before cooling off in the Arctic, sinking, and returning along its entire length to be warmed again in southern waters. Not only do the ocean's current affect the temperature of the seawater, but they affect the atmosphere, too. A warm water current heats the air above it. As that warm air rises, cool air is sucked in beneath it. That circulating motion is commonly referred to as a "pump." It behaves like a vast, atmospheric machine, with weather as its product. This pumping action creates much of the world's weather and plays an important role in regulating the planet's temperature. It pushes warm air from the equatorial regions to cooler areas closer to the poles, and in return pulls cool air closer to the equator to be heated. These pumps are a crucial part of the Earth's ecosystem because they regulate and diffuse temperature. The equatorial regions receive much more energy from the sun than the rest of the planet, and the ocean-current pumps serve to cool off the hot regions and warm up the cold ones. Without them, much of the planet would be uninhabitable for human beings. El NiƱo is a periodic adjustment of one of these crucial pumps. Ordinarily, a large region of warm water rests in the area of the Pacific Ocean adjoining Indonesia and Australia. During an El NiƱo, that body of warm water moves east and sits off the coast of South America. Thus the huge – but intricate – weather systems caused by the current are completely thrown off. Dry areas experience floods; moist areas, such as Borneo, are hit with droughts. Canada may experience a warmer, more damp winter, resulting in terrible ice storms. Agriculture around the world suffers. Weather isn't alone in being affected by El NiƱo. With such a large part of the Earth's ecosystem in flux, other systems are also affected. For example, in areas receiving a higher–than–normal rainfall, elevated water levels facilitate the growth of more insects and disease. As well, mould, usually present but invisible, also increases, intensifying allergies for many people. Fish migrate differently, destroying the livelihood of many fishermen. Meanwhile, forest fires rage across the globe as normally steamy rainforests become dry. Forest fires elevate the already high levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and during a recent El NiƱo many cities in Southeast Asia were enveloped in a smoky haze from the fires. Thousands died in China from flooding that also ruined crops. Russia suffered a disastrous harvest that threatened that nation's economic and political stability that winter. On and on the list goes of the hardships caused by the great flows of water and air that, until recently, had been almost unknown to most of the world's people.

Shark Poaching


Nearly a million U.S. dollars in fines collected from convicted poachers who had been taking leopard shark pups from the San Francisco Bay will be used to start a fund for restoring the animals' habitat, federal prosecutors recently announced.The sharks, which are at risk because they are often caught unintentionally in fishers' nets, are a prized species in the home aquarium trade. Pups can fetch up to $240 each in a pet store.
Photograph by James Gritz/Getty

Colossal Squid Caught off Antarctica



February 22, 2007—In Antarctica's Ross Sea, a fishing boat has caught what is likely the world's biggest known colossal squid (yes, that's the species' name), New Zealand officials announced today.
Heavier than even
giant squid, colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) have eyes as wide as dinner plates and sharp hooks on some of their suckers. The new specimen weighs in at an estimated 990 pounds (450 kilograms).
The sea monster had become entangled while feeding on Patagonian toothfish (
toothfish photos) caught on long lines of hooks. The crew then maneuvered the squid into a net and painstakingly hauled it aboard—a two-hour process.
The animal was frozen and placed in a massive freezer below decks. Now in New Zealand, the carcass awaits scientific analysis.
"Even basic questions such as how large does this species grow to and how long does it live for are not yet known," said New Zealand Fisheries Minister Jim Anderton in a statement.
The deep-sea species was first discovered in 1925, though the only evidence was two tentacles found in a sperm whale's stomach. Since then there have been only a scattering of sightings, including a
colossal squid caught in 2003 in the same region as the recent find.
The new specimen is likely the first intact male ever recovered, Anderton said.
Squid expert Steve O'Shea told local press, "I can assure you that this is going to draw phenomenal interest."
For one thing, added the Auckland University of Technology professor, the squid would yield calamari rings the size of tractor tires.
—Ted Chamberlain

NOAA RELEASES FIVE-YEAR CORAL REEF RESEARCH PLAN


March 2, 2007 — NOAA released the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan, identifying priority research needs and guidance for coral reef research through 2011. The plan looks at key research objectives and long-term needs to enhance NOAA’s understanding of coral reef ecosystems and provide guidance to coastal and ocean managers on regional research priorities to help preserve, sustain and restore coral reef ecosystems. (Click NOAA image for larger view of the cover for the “NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan.” Click here for high resolution version. Please credit “NOAA.”)“NOAA has developed this research plan to guide the full suite of NOAA’s coral reef ecosystem research capabilities, as well guiding management-driven research across U.S. coral reef regions,” said Timothy Keeney, deputy assistant secretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and co-chair of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force. “By providing researchers and coastal and ocean managers with high-priority scientific information, they will be better equipped in their efforts to conserve, protect, restore and sustain coral reef ecosystems.” Coral reef ecosystems are highly valued for their biological, ecological, cultural and economic resources, as well as their aesthetic qualities. These ecosystems provide coastline protection, renewable resources, benefit fish populations, and support commercial and recreational activities. “Research is the cornerstone on which to build and improve ecosystem-based management and resource management decisions,” said Richard Spinrad, NOAA assistant administrator for NOAA Research. “The Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan provides a planning tool for national and regional coral reef research and establishes an unprecedented NOAA-wide effort containing contributions from regional coral reef managers and researchers.”In the past few decades, competing demands on these ecosystems, including increased threats from natural and human stressors, have contributed to a significant decline in coral reef health worldwide. NOAA has identified research as a cross-cutting priority demonstrating that productive research is the cornerstone on which to build and improve ecosystem-based management.
Two earlier NOAA reports, The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2002 and 2005, summarized the status and health of coral reef ecosystems throughout U.S. waters. Based on these status reports, the research plan outlines the national and regional research needed to address the many management challenges presented by current coral reef decline.
The research plan also builds on strategies identified in NOAA’s Strategic Plan, NOAA’s five- and 20-year Research Plan, the National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs, the National Coral Reef Action Strategy and the U.S. Ocean Action Plan.
The Coral Ecosystem Research Plan is a product of the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, which consists of NOAA Research, NOAA Ocean Service, NOAA Fisheries Service, and NOAA Satellite and Information Service. The plan covers all shallow-water coral reef ecosystems under the jurisdiction of the United States and is intended for resource managers, scientists, policy makers and the public. A wide variety of experts provided direct input and reviewed the plan, including representatives from NOAA; other federal, state, territorial, commonwealth and local agencies; members of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force; fisheries management councils; coral reef managers; scientists and other key stakeholders, as well as the public through a formal request for comments published in the Federal Register.
NOAA, an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department, is celebrating 200 years of science and service to the nation. From the establishment of the Survey of the Coast in 1807 by Thomas Jefferson to the formation of the Weather Bureau and the Commission of Fish and Fisheries in the 1870s, much of America's scientific heritage is rooted in NOAA. NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related events and information service delivery for transportation, and by providing environmental stewardship of the nation's coastal and marine resources. Through the emerging Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), NOAA is working with its federal partners, more than 60 countries and the European Commission to develop a global monitoring network that is as integrated as the planet it observes, predicts and protects.

NEW FEDERAL RESEARCH PLAN LAYS OUT FUTURE OF HURRICANE FORECASTING CAPABILITIES


March 6, 2007 — Federal agencies involved in hurricane research have mapped out the future of hurricane forecasting capabilities in the publication “Interagency Strategic Research Plan for Tropical Cyclones: The Way Ahead” released Monday at the 61st Interdepartmental Hurricane Conference in New Orleans. (Click NOAA satellite image for larger view of Hurricane Katrina taken at 11:45 a.m. EDT on August 28, 2005, when the storm brewed into a Category 5 hurricane before devastating the U.S. Gulf Coast. Click here for high resolution version. Please credit “NOAA.”)
The plan focuses on areas within the field of hurricane-related sciences that were identified as needing research and then transferring this research into operations. The plan was put together by the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research.
“Coastal population growth and land development have resulted in a dramatic rise in the potential damage that can be inflicted by tropical cyclones,” said retired Navy Vice Adm. Conrad Lautenbacher, Ph.D., undersecretary of commerce for oceans and atmosphere and NOAA administrator. “In our country, 50 percent of the population lives within 50 miles of the coast and are, therefore, exposed to landfalling hurricanes. Tropical cyclones can have catastrophic impacts, which make constant improvements in the accurate prediction of these events of paramount importance.”
Annual U.S. hurricane losses currently average about $10 billion. There is a projected doubling of economic losses from landfalling hurricanes every ten years. Cyclone track forecasting has improved significantly during recent decades. Emergency management and other end-user responses to these improved forecasts and warnings result in lives saved, as well as reduction of property damage, physical injuries and psychological distress. In a typical hurricane season, forecasts, warnings and associated responses are estimated to save $3 billion.
The strategic research plan is the outgrowth of actions resulting from the 58th IHC in March 2004, where attendees determined that a comprehensive strategy needed to be developed to guide interagency research and development. The plan highlights that the needs can be characterized by seven tropical cyclone-related, day-to-day operational forecast and warning categories or a combination of these categories: intensity, structure, track, sea state, storm surge, precipitation and observations. This plan addresses each of these categories, and provides recommendations and strategies to be implemented over the next decade to meet those needs.
“The ultimate goal is to prevent loss of life and injuries and to reduce the nation’s vulnerability to these potentially devastating storms,” said Samuel P. Williamson, federal coordinator for meteorology. “We conducted a thorough review of our current capabilities in tropical cyclone forecasting and outlined strategies to meet the operational needs of the tropical cyclone forecast and warning centers. This strategic research plan is how we plan to bridge the gap between current and future capabilities.”
The strategic research plan presents a comprehensive strategy that was developed over the past two years by the staff at OFCM and the Joint Action Group for Tropical Cyclone Research. The authors of the plan began by reviewing the tropical cyclone research and development community and examined the current capabilities and limitation of the nation’s tropical cyclone forecast and warning system. They summarized the operational needs of the tropical cyclone forecast and warning centers, and planned capabilities to meet the needs.
With these identified needs in mind, the strategic research plan identifies tropical cyclone research priorities to aid in meeting the operational needs, and presents a comprehensive roadmap of activities to further improve the effectiveness of the nation’s tropical cyclone forecast and warning service during the next decade and beyond.
The strategic research plan makes recommendations for improved tropical cyclone reconnaissance, surveillance and observation through manned and unmanned vehicles, space-based platforms, remote sensing and other forms.
In addition to identifying research that is required in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences, the strategic research plan also includes areas of research that are needed in social sciences to include the warning process, decision making, behavioral response, and social impacts. The report states that “knowledge gains in the social, economic and decision sciences will lead to the implementation of better response strategies, and can help set priorities as to where increased research would be most beneficial.”
Implementation of the plan will be discussed at the IHC, which is scheduled to last through March 9. After the conclusion of the IHC, an OFCM-sponsored working group with representation from all applicable agencies will be formed to begin implementing the recommendations, to include identifying funding strategies.
NOAA, an agency of the U.S. Commerce Department, is celebrating 200 years of science and service to the nation. From the establishment of the Survey of the Coast in 1807 by Thomas Jefferson to the formation of the Weather Bureau and the Commission of Fish and Fisheries in the 1870s, much of America's scientific heritage is rooted in NOAA. NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related events and information service delivery for transportation, and by providing environmental stewardship of the nation's coastal and marine resources. Through the emerging Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), NOAA is working with its federal partners, more than 60 countries and the European Commission to develop a global monitoring network that is as integrated as the planet it observes, predicts and protects.

Thursday, March 1, 2007

Bycatch


Many fisheries catch fish other than the ones that they target and in many cases these are simply thrown dead or dying back into the sea. In some trawl fisheries for shrimp, the discard may be 90 percent of the catch. Other fisheries kill seabirds, turtles and dolphins, sometimes in huge numbers.
Estimates vary as to how serious a problem bycatch is. Latest reports suggest that around eight percent of the total global catch is discarded, but previous estimates indicated that around a quarter of might be thrown overboard. Simply no-one knows how much of a problem this really is.


The incidental capture, or bycatch, of mammals, sea-birds, turtles, sharks and numerous other species is recognised to be a major problem in many parts of the world. This figure includes non-target species as well as targeted fish species that cannot be landed because they are, for instance, undersized. In short, anywhere between 6.8 million and 27 million tonnes of fish could be being discarded each year, reflecting the huge uncertainties in the data on this important issue.


The scale of this mortality is such that bycatch in some fisheries may affect the structure and function of marine systems at the population, community and ecosystem levels. Bycatch is widely recognised as one of the most serious environmental impacts of modern commercial fisheries.
The victims


Different types of fishing practices result in different animal/species being killed as bycatch: nets kill dolphins, porpoises and whales, longline fishing kills birds, and bottom trawling devastates marine ecosystems.


It has been estimated that a staggering 100 million sharks and rays are caught and discarded each year. Tuna fisheries, which in the past had high dolphin bycatch levels, are still responsible for the death of many sharks. An estimated 300,000 cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) also die as bycatch each year, because they are unable to escape when caught in nets.


Birds dive for the bait planted on long fishing lines, swallow it (hook included) and are pulled underwater and drowned. Around 100,000 albatrosses are killed by longline fisheries every year and because of this, many species are facing extinction.


Bottom trawling is a destructive way of 'strip-mining' the ocean floor, harvesting the species that live there. As well as the target fish species, this also results in bycatch of commercially unattractive animals like starfish and sponges. A single pass of a trawl removes up to 20 percent of the seafloor fauna and flora. The fisheries with the highest levels of bycatch are shrimp fisheries: over 80 percent of a catch may consist of marine species other than the shrimp being targeted.
Technology


Many technical fixes exist to reduce bycatch. Turtle exclusion devices are used in some shrimp fisheries to avoid killing turtle species. In the case of longline fisheries, the process of setting the hooks can be changed and bird-scaring devices employed which radically cut the numbers of birds killed. To avoid dolphins being caught in nets other devices can be used. Pingers are small sound-emitting and dolphin-deterring devices that are attached to nets, but they are not always effective. Escape hatches (consisting of a widely spaced metal grid, which force the cetacean up and out of the net) have also been used.


Although these devices may have a role to play, they cannot address the whole problem. Such devices need continual monitoring to check how well they work and assess any potential negative effects they may have. Realistically they will probably only be used in areas with well-developed fishery management and enforcement agencies.


On a global level, probably the only effective way to address the problems of bycatch is to control fishing effort. This will be best achieved through the creation of marine reserves. Nonetheless, in the case of highly mobile species such as seabirds and cetaceans, the only effective way of preventing bycatch is to discontinue the use of particularly damaging fishing methods.

Wednesday, February 7, 2007

Is Global Warming Changing the Arctic?



In 2005, the ice cap covering the Arctic Ocean shrank to its smallest size since researchers began keeping records a century ago. In the past five years, scientists reported that many Greenland glaciers are sliding faster to the sea and melting at their edges. Climate simulations indicate that the buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will accelerate melting. Are these temporary phenomena or the first hints of long-term climate change? The answers are critical because the Arctic will not just feel the impacts of climate change, it will also cause a cascade of other global changes. As the Arctic goes, most scientists say, so goes the planet.In the Arctic, the air, sea ice, and underlying ocean all interact in a delicately balanced system. To understand why, you have to follow the water. 'The ice factory'It starts at the narrow Bering Strait between Alaska and Siberia, where cold and relatively less salty water from the Pacific Ocean enters the largely enclosed Arctic Ocean. In winter, frigid winds from the icy Alaskan interior blast over the shallow Chukchi Sea. The cold air freezes coastal seawater into sea ice and then pushes it farther out to sea, leaving new pockets of seawater available for freezing. This is “the ice factory,” which, in the process of manufacturing ice, also transforms the seawater left behind.When seawater freezes, it releases salt into surface waters. These cold, salty waters become denser and sink, spilling over the continental shelf into the basin of the western Arctic Ocean. They create a layer known as a halocline (from the Greek words for “salt” and “slope”). Halocline waters lie atop a deeper layer of saltier, denser—and warmer—waters that flow into the Arctic from the Atlantic Ocean. “The halocline provides a barrier that shields the sea ice cover from contact with deeper, warmer waters,” said WHOI physical oceanographer Al Plueddemann. “This protects Arctic ice from melting.”'The flywheel and the gateways'Once in the Arctic Ocean basin, the water is swept into a mammoth circular current—driven by strong winds—called the Beaufort Gyre. Mighty Siberian and Canadian rivers also drain into the gyre to create a great reservoir of relatively fresh water. Winds trap this water in a clockwise flow, but periodically, the winds shift and the gyre weakens, allowing large volumes of fresh water to leak out. This is “the flywheel,” said WHOI physical oceanographer Andrey Proshutinksy, and when it turns off, fresh water flows toward the North Atlantic. The water exits the Arctic Ocean via several “gateways.” It can flow through the Fram Strait, between northeast Greenland and Svalbard Island, and then branch around either side of Iceland. It can flow around the west side of Greenland through Baffin Bay and out Davis Strait. It may also flow through a maze of Canadian islands and out Hudson Strait. These gateways are two-way: They also let in the warmer Atlantic waters that—if not for the halocline—could melt Arctic sea ice. Melting sea ice has consequences. If the sea ice disappears, heat from the sun—which mostly reflects off white ice surfaces and back into space—instead would be absorbed by the ocean. This would further accelerate the warming of the Arctic. More warming means more melting: If the permafrost across the Arctic tundra melts, it could release vast reservoirs of methane, a greenhouse gas that can trap 10 times as much heat as carbon dioxide. If more Greenland glaciers melt, more water will pour into the oceans and raise global sea levels.Slowing the Ocean ConveyorMelting sea ice also means more fresh water in the ocean, which could flood into the North Atlantic. That could disrupt a global system of currents, known as the Ocean Conveyor. The Conveyor brings warm, salty Gulf Stream waters northward, where they release heat to the atmosphere in winter and temper the North Atlantic region’s climate. The waters then become cold enough again to sink to the abyss, propelling the underside of the Conveyor.“Adding more fresh water to the North Atlantic could put a cap of lighter water over the denser, warmer water, blocking it from releasing its heat to the atmosphere and preventing it from sinking to drive the Conveyor,” said WHOI physical oceanographer Fiamma Straneo. “Small changes in fresh water can induce large changes in our climate. It’s something we need to measure, monitor, and understand. But it’s easier said than done.”That is especially true in the Arctic, whose frigid, sunless winters, remoteness, and ice cover make expeditions difficult and expensive. The ice presents another barrier: It is difficult to build instruments that can penetrate it or survive it for long periods. Polar expeditions in 2005Enter Gary Comer, founder of the Lands’ End clothing-catalog company and an avid open-ocean sailor. In 2001, while attempting to navigate the Northwest Passage in his yacht, Comer was stunned by the dearth of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. Seeking answers, he contacted Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The Comer Science and Education Foundation donated substantial support to the WHOI Ocean and Climate Change Institute, which used some of the funds to launch three ambitious Arctic projects—led respectively by Plueddemann, Proshutinksy, and Straneo. All involved designing, building, and field-testing high-risk, high-reward oceanographic instruments to help pull back the icy veil shrouding our understanding of the Arctic Ocean’s role in our climate system.Over the next days, we report on three expeditions in the summer of 2005 to explore “the ice factory,” “the flywheel,” and one of the “gateways.”— Lonny Lippsett
Posted: January 23, 2006

Wednesday, January 31, 2007

Death of a Hump Back Whale


This is disturbing. If we don't watch out for the whales who will. I can't believe that a company as large as Princess Cruises would try and hide such a thing. I am glad that they in the end pleded guilty. It is also nice to see that policies have been put into place to protect these wildlife areas. The whales are an amazig site, and I don't think the ocean's should be off limit to cruise lines, however you are responsible for your actions.


Cruise line fined in wake of humpback death

$750,000: A Princess ship was going too fast near Glacier Bay where a dead whale was found.
By MARY PEMBERTONThe Associated Press
Published: January 30, 2007 Last Modified: January 30, 2007 at 01:34 AM


Princess Cruise Lines was sentenced Monday for failing to operate one of its ships in a slow, safe manner near Glacier Bay National Park where a humpback whale was later found dead of massive skull fractures.

The body of the 45-foot, pregnant humpback whale was found floating in Icy Strait near the mouth of Glacier Bay in Southeast Alaska in July 2001. Humpback whales are an endangered species.
"Our marine mammals are national treasures to be preserved for future generations. We must protect them from criminal and negligent acts committed by individuals or large corporations," said Nelson Cohen, U.S. Attorney for Alaska, describing the case as a first-of-its kind prosecution.

While not agreeing Monday that one of its ships hit the whale, Princess Cruise Lines paid a maximum $200,000 fine, plus $550,000 in restitution to the National Park Foundation, with the funds specifically dedicated to Glacier Bay National Park conservation efforts.

"We take our responsibility to be good stewards of the environment very seriously," said Princess Cruises chief executive Peter Ratcliffe. He said the company regretted "the circumstances involving Dawn Princess."

The company pleaded guilty to knowingly failing to operate the cruise ship at a slow, safe speed while near two whales on July 12, 2001. The federal regulation on speed was implemented in 2001.

Princess spokeswoman Julie Benson said this was the first time this type of encounter had occurred involving one of its ships visiting Glacier Bay National Park. Princess made 75 calls at Glacier Bay last year and plans on 84 this year.

The humpback whale that was found dead was first identified by researchers in 1975 and was named "Snow" because of her fluke markings. Her injuries were consistent with being struck by a ship, said Tomie Lee, superintendent of Glacier Bay National Park.

Princess said after the encounter with the whale it implemented guidelines for how its ships should operate when whales are near. It also instituted procedures and speed restrictions for the Icy Strait area, with ships not to exceed 11.5 miles per hour when in the strait south of the national park.

According to prosecutors, passengers and crew on the ship's bridge spotted two humpback whales on the afternoon of July 12, 2001. When first spotted, the whales were between one-quarter and a half-mile off the left side of the ship. They were headed on a course that could intersect the ship's route.

The Dawn Princess continued accelerating and did not change course. Within 100 yards of the cruise ship, one of the whales dove deep, but the other did not, according to the U.S. Attorney's Office for Alaska.

As the other whale passed out of sight under the vessel's prow, some people aboard the cruise ship reported feeling the ship shudder. The captain ran to the right bridge wing to look for the whales. He noted that the vessel was traveling at 16 miles an hour at the time. The whales were not seen again, according to the U.S. Attorney's office.

The Dawn Princess made no report of a possible collision to the National Park Service or any other government agency. The close encounter also was not mentioned in the ship's log. The captain also did not preserve the recording of what occurred on the bridge, federal officials said.

However, the next day the on-board ship's naturalist e-mailed a colleague saying the ship may have struck a whale. She wrote that the whales seemed to be unaware of the ship and as the ship passed there was no sign from the bridge that contact had been made. She estimated the ship's speed at between about 17 and 20 miles per hour.

The naturalist, who was not identified, said friends below deck told her they heard a "resounding thud."

The dead whale was found July 16, 2001, near the area where the Dawn Princess had earlier been traveling.

There are approximately 20,000 humpback whales worldwide. Of those, about 6,000 humpbacks make up the North Pacific population, most of which feed in Alaska during the summer. They migrate to Hawaii in the fall where they give birth.

Whales have tangled with ships several times in the busy Alaska cruising lanes. Last August, a ship owned by Celebrity Cruises pulled into port in Seward with a whale carcass pinned to its bow. In 2003, a humpback carcass was found floating near the mouth of Yakutat Bay. After an exam, veterinarians determined it was killed by a ship strike. In 1999, the cruise ship Westerdam reported hitting a whale in Stephens Passage in Southeast, according to news reports.

Daily News reporter Julia O'Malley contributed to this story.

Thursday, January 25, 2007

Blue Jellyfish Invade Australia Beaches


January 24, 2007—It's summer down under, and at many Australian beaches the sands have turned as blue as the water.

Huge armadas of toxic bluebottle jellyfish are swamping Australia's east coast in record numbers, putting the sting on peak beach season.

More than 30,000 people were stung by the translucent blue jellies on this coast last year—more than twice the number of incidents in 2005—according to Australia's lifeguard group, Surf Life Saving (SLS).

And in a single weekend earlier this month, beachgoers reported more than 1,200 stings, several requiring hospitalization.

The recent influx is the result of a wind shift that has pushed flotillas of the invertebrates ashore, scientists say. But the overall trend suggests that the 6-inch-long (15-centimeter-long) jellyfish are growing in number due to warming ocean waters.

"[Their] numbers are closely tied with environmental changes, and last year was obviously a very aggressive year for them," Lisa-Ann Gershwin, a jellyfish expert with SLS, told Reuters news service.

The bluebottle surge coincides with growing droves of other jellyfish worldwide, including a recent spike in giant Nomura's jellyfish in Japan and rafts of jellies that swamped Mediterranean shores last summer.

Those infestations have also been linked to warmer waters, suggesting that this will not be the last beach season to be ruined by marine stingers.

"Jellyfish have been around for 600 million years," Gershwin told the Sydney Morning Herald.

"They have perfected the art of survival and are very good at taking advantage of changing conditions."

—Blake de Pastino

Acid oceans spell doom for coral


Professor Katherine Richardson said sea organisms that produced calcareous structures would struggle to function in the coming decades as pH levels fell

The expert, based in Denmark, told the EuroScience Open Forum 2004 that human-produced carbon dioxide was radically changing the marine environment.
Ice cores show current carbon dioxide levels are higher now than they have been in the last 440,000 years.

Most of it will eventually be absorbed by seawater, where it will react to form carbonic acid.

The oceans currently have a pH of about 8, but experts predict this could drop to pH 7.4.

Scientists fear this increasing acidification could have a particularly detrimental effect on corals and other marine organisms, because it reduces the availability of carbonate ions in the water for them to make their hard parts.
Record readings

As climate change research has primarily concentrated on the impacts on land and in the atmosphere, our knowledge of what the rise will mean is uncertain.

However, as there are 78,000,000 gigatonnes of carbon locked up in ocean sediments compared with 750 gigatonnes of carbon in the atmosphere, the rise could have very serious implications for the carbon cycle, Professor Richardson believes.

"It makes sense that the component of the Earth's system we need to understand the most is the biggest," said the researcher from the Department of Marine Ecology in Aarhus, Denmark.


"But it just happens to be the one that's most difficult for us humans to explore."
CO2 levels in the atmosphere, driven up by the burning of fossil fuels, currently stand at about 380 parts per million (ppm) - up from their pre-industrial mark of around 280 ppm.
Carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere by microscopic ocean-dwelling plants called phytoplankton, through photosynthesis. But one group, called the coccolithophorids, also produce calcium carbonate platelets, called liths.

Each lith is only about 2.5 micrometres (millionths of a metre) across but a very great many are produced each year.

It is estimated that blooms of the dominant species, Emiliania Huxleyi, annually cover about 1.4 million sq km of the ocean.

When they die, they rain down to the ocean floor, in the process locking carbon away in a vast sediment store. This biological pump helps to control the exchange of carbon between the oceans and atmosphere.
Knowledge search

"E. Huxleyi has dominated the world's oceans since the Holocene, but prior to that a different species was responsible for moving all the carbon to the bottom," explained Professor Richardson.

"It's anyone's guess if another species would step in if E. Huxleyi can't tolerate the more acidic conditions."

Scientists are beginning to address the gaping holes in our knowledge. Last week, the UK's academy of science, the Royal Society, announced a study concentrating on the impact of increased acidity on marine life.

An extra reason for the concern is that scientists have considered exploiting ocean processes to help mitigate rising CO2 levels.

The idea is that by artificially "fertilising" phytoplankton at the ocean surface, it might be possible to stimulate the take-up of CO2 - locking away some of the extra CO2 in the atmosphere that is believed to be forcing global temperatures to rise.

If increased acidity begins to hinder the natural removal of CO2 from the atmosphere, however, then we may lose one opportunity to reverse any damage induced by human activity.

Wednesday, January 24, 2007

Rare Prehistoric Shark

http://www.cnn.com/video/partners/clickability/index.html?url=/video/world/2007/01/24/vo.japan.rare.shark.rtv

Click on the link above to go to a video clip
of the shark.













TOKYO, Japan (Reuters) -- A species of shark rarely seen alive because its natural habitat is about 2,000 feet under the sea was captured on film by staff at a Japanese marine park this week.


The Awashima Marine Park in Shizuoka, south of Tokyo, was alerted by a fisherman at a nearby port on Sunday that he had spotted an odd-looking eel-like creature with a mouthful of needle-sharp teeth.

Marine park staff caught the 5 foot (1.6 meter) long creature, which they identified as a female frilled shark, sometimes referred to as a "living fossil" because it is a primitive species that has changed little since prehistoric times.


The shark appeared to be in poor condition when park staff moved it to a seawater pool where they filmed it swimming and opening its jaws.

"We believe moving pictures of a live specimen are extremely rare," said an official at the park. "They live between 1,968 and 3,280 feet (600 and 1,000 meters) under the water, which is deeper than humans can go."

"We think it may have come close to the surface because it was sick, or else it was weakened because it was in shallow waters," the official said.
The shark died a few hours after being caught.

Frilled sharks, which feed on other sharks and sea creatures, are sometimes caught in the nets of trawlers but are rarely seen alive.

Copyright 2007 Reuters. All rights reserved.This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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Wednesday, January 17, 2007

Killer Whales—Killing Other Whales


During April and May transient killer whales frequent Monterey Bay, and that's when Black, an independent marine biologist who also runs the Monterey Bay Whale Watch, sees the highest numbers of predatory attacks.

That's because gray whales are gliding through these waters during their migration from Mexico to the Bering Sea. The transients ambush them—they have a taste for the gray whale calves' high-energy blubber and protein-rich tongues. Black's goal is to catch a glimpse of the feeding frenzy.
Researchers have identified three types of killer whales, or orcas, along the U.S. Pacific coast: offshores, residents, and transients. Little is known about offshores, rarely seen deep-sea denizens. Residents are the most familiar—their gregarious socializing and aerial acrobatics thrill whale-watchers.
Transients are "a breed apart"—elusive killers that rove over 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) of coastline from California to Southeast Alaska.
"The transients are so different in behavior, diet, and even genetically from fish-eating residents that many scientists believe they could be a distinct species altogether," said Black.


I found it amazing that these whales were killing other whales even more than that, they believe that they may be a different species altogether. I love ocean life and the Orca's are probably one of my favourite ocean mammals. They are the kings of the sea with no natural predators except for HUMANS. I will continue to check to see if these transient whales are in fact a new species

Source: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0324_030324_tvkillerwhales.html

Wild Manatees Captured in Florida River

January 16, 2007—A young manatee named Pilo rests placidly on the deck of a research ship as scientists give him a physical on Florida's Crystal River in November 2006.

The five-year-old male was captured during the first of three planned expeditions to the northwest Florida river, where manatees migrate every fall to take advantage of the warm, spring-fed waters.

The expeditions, which resumed this month, will amount to one of the most comprehensive studies yet done of Florida manatees in the wild.

During Pilo's half-hour-long checkup, biologists collected all manner of data from their peaceful patient—from pulse readings taken with a portable heart monitor to urine caught in a Frisbee placed under his genitals.

Pilo weighed in at 916 pounds (415 kilograms) and measured 9 feet (280 centimeters) long. The scientists gave him a clean bill of health.

"I'd give him a [rating of] perfectly normal, excellent condition," said Robert Bonde, a marine biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) who coordinated the expedition.

"He's a great-looking manatee."

—Blake de Pastino

Giant Squid

The movie in class was really interesting. You had to feel bad for the scientist who finally got the discovery channel out on his ship and then killed his 17 baby squid. Giant squid, once believed to be mythical creatures, are squid of the Architeuthidae family, represented by as many as eight species of the genus Architeuthis. They are deep-ocean dwelling animals that can grow to a tremendous size: recent estimates put the maximum size at 10 m for males and 13 m for females from caudal fin to the tip of the two long tentacles. The tentacles are covered in suction cups, each cup has a ring of sharp teeth, therefore when they catch their prey they are both suctioned and perferated. The giant squid is dinner for the sperm whale and it is not uncommon to find circular scares on the whales who have tried or succeed in eating these squid. Another interesting thing is that the giant squid has the largest eyes of any living creature (over 1 foot). They are fasinating creatures and as we heard in class more research is being done to find out even more about these wild creatures.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_squid

Top Picture:
Live_giant_squid_video_December_4_2006.jpg‎ (35KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Still image from the first video of a live giant squid. Filmed on December 4, 2006 by researchers from the National Science Museum of Japan led by Tsunemi Kubodera.
Source: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238263,00.html
Copyright: Associated Press/Tsunemi Kubodera